Safe Practices and Environmental Protection
Emergency alarm
Four teams on board to tackle various emergency
Ballast water in cargo tanks
1. Electrical safety is addressed in codes and standards for fire and electric safety.
2. Care should be taken to avoid exposure to ultraviolet radiation other than UV-A. Personnel using ultraviolet lamps should avoid looking directly into the light source. Eyewear capable of blocking ultraviolet radiation should be worn when conducting fluorescent penetrant inspections. It is also recommended that inspection personnel should wear long-sleeved clothing to minimize exposure.
3. Safety requires good lighting and good housekeeping in work areas. (Maintaining good vision and appropriate ambient lighting is also essential for reliable visual observation of penetrant test indications.)
CO2:- Distinguished Sound alarm.
Fire:- Continuous Ringing.
MOB:- Three Long Rings.
General Emergency alarm:- Seven Short & One long ring.
D2 – Ballast water performance standard
D2 stipulates the acceptable level of organisms that may be found within discharged ballast water. The D2 Standard specifies that treated and discharged ballast water must have:
(i) fewer than ten viable organisms greater than or equal to 50 micrometers (plankton) in minimum dimension per cubic metre;
(ii) fewer than ten viable organisms less than 50 micrometres (plankton) in minimum dimension and greater than or equal to 10 micrometers in minimum dimension per millilitre.
In addition, a ballast water discharge of indicator microbes, as a health standard, shall not exceed the following specified concentrations:
(iii) Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (O1 and O139) with less than one colony-forming unit (cfu) per 100 millilitres or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram (wet weight) zooplankton samples;
(iv) Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 millilitres;
(v) Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 millilitres;
Ballast water treatment equipment is developed, and type approved on the basis of the equipment’s ability to treat the ballast water to the required standard. Although not the only way to meet the D2 standard, the installation of an appropriately type approved ballast water treatment system will be the most common method used.
Ans: Structure and Function of Emergency Response Teams:-
The basic structure of any emergency team will usually comprise four sub-groups.
(i) The Command team:- The command centre will be located on bridge. The master is to take responsibility for the overall safety and navigation of the ship. All communications will be performed from here to the different teams as well as shore. A log must be maintained of all events.
(ii) The Emergency Team:- The Emergency Team will have the front line job of tackling the emergency. In general the chief officer will lead the team for the emergency on deck while the 2nd engineer will take charge for engine room emergencies. The duties of each person will have to be laid down and practiced for every emergency so as to avoid duplication, confusion, and chaos.
(iii) The Back Up Squad:- The Support Team is to provide first aid and prepare the lifeboats for lowering. Should the above two function not be required, they should assist as directed.
(iv) The Technical Team:- The Technical, or Engineer's, Team will maintain the propulsion and maneuvering capability of the ship and auxiliary services as far as is possible in the circumstances.
Ans:- Marpol Annex 1- Regulation 18 - Segregated ballast tanks:
Paragraph 3:- In no case shall ballast water be carried in cargo tanks, except:
(1). on those rare voyages when weather conditions are so severe that, in the opinion of the master, it is necessary to carry additional ballast water in cargo tanks for the safety of the ship; and
(2). in exceptional cases where the particular character of the operation of an oil tanker renders it necessary to carry ballast water in excess of the quantity required under paragraph 2 of this regulation, provided that such operation of the oil tanker falls under the category of exceptional cases as established by the Organization.
Such additional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in compliance with regulation 34 of this Annex and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record Book Part II referred to in regulation 36 of this Annex.
Paragraph 4:- In the case of crude oil tankers, the additional ballast permitted in paragraph 3(Crude oil washing Operation) of this regulation shall be carried in cargo tanks only if such tanks have been crude oil washed in accordance with regulation 35 of this Annex before departure from an oil unloading port or terminal.
Ballast water in cargo tanks
Precautions during bunker
(a) Wear complete PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment ) including gloves, hard hat with chin strip on and safety harness. (b) All Operating personnel must know of any dangerous characteristic of fuel as stated in MSDS ( Material safety Data Sheet ). (c) All deck openings and scupper must be plugged or closed. (d) Different grades of fuel oil must never be mixed together. (e) All un-required flange must be blanked and tank soundings be taken at regular interval. (f) Place dip trays under the hose pipe lines at strategic positions. (g) Flow rate must be slow during the start of the bunkering procedure to avoid unwanted mixing, spill or overflow. (h) SOPEP Kit be available to use. (i) Oil absorbing material be available at different positions. (j) Make sure the vent lines for tanks are clear. (k) Internal tank overflow arrangement must be there and checked prior to the process. (l) proper communication link must be there in between the ship and barge personnel. (m) The operator must test or ask for the hydrocarbon content in the tank. (n) Temperature of bunker transfer must be regulated upon with the supplier. (o) Care must be taken while changing over from one tank to another. (p) care must be taking while obtaining maximum loading volume for each tank. (q) Follow the proper checklist for bunkering operation. (r) All firefighting system and equipment must be ready for any emergency throughout the bunkering operation. (s) Radars on board to be switched off and VHF to be used on low power. (t) No smoking signs to be placed and strictly followed.Safety taken during dye penetration test
1. Electrical safety is addressed in codes and standards for fire and electric safety.
2. Care should be taken to avoid exposure to ultraviolet radiation other than UV-A. Personnel using ultraviolet lamps should avoid looking directly into the light source. Eyewear capable of blocking ultraviolet radiation should be worn when conducting fluorescent penetrant inspections. It is also recommended that inspection personnel should wear long-sleeved clothing to minimize exposure.
3. Safety requires good lighting and good housekeeping in work areas. (Maintaining good vision and appropriate ambient lighting is also essential for reliable visual observation of penetrant test indications.)
Disadvantage of x Ray test
Disadvantage of x-ray test:- safety hazard and very expensive. It is a slow process. Highly directional, sensitive to flaw orientation. High degree of skill and experience required for exposure and interpretation Depth of discontinuity not indicated.
Frequencies of drills on board
Every crew member shall participate in at least one abandon ship drill and one fire drill every month. The drills of the crew shall take place within 24 h of the ship leaving a port if more than 25% of the crew have not participated in abandon ship and fire drills on board that particular ship in the previous month. When a ship enters service for the first time, after modification of a major character or when a new crew is engaged, these drills shall be held before sailing.Emergency alarm
Abandon ship:-Verbal Order of Master & General Alarm.CO2:- Distinguished Sound alarm.
Fire:- Continuous Ringing.
MOB:- Three Long Rings.
General Emergency alarm:- Seven Short & One long ring.
Teams For Emergencies
Life boat/abandon ship station
SMPEP Oil spill duties
Emergency muster list
Emergency evacuation from enclosed spaces
Life boat/abandon ship station:-
Life boat/ Abandon ship station No.1 (stbd)
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1
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Chief officer
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In command
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2
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3rd officer
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2nd in command
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3
|
Chief engineer
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Life boat engine
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4
|
3rd engineer
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Remove both harbour pins, dis connect batteries charge/confirm bottom plug inserted
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5
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4th engineer
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Assist in rigging embarkation ladder
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6
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A/B-1
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Connect FPD, EPIRB, SART/Portable VHF & Battery / pyro- device
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7
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A/B-3
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Connect FPD, Winch man
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8
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O/S-1
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Rig painter first, Then assist rigging embarkation ladder
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9
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Oiler
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Secure painter on the bollard
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10
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Chief cook
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Extra blanket, Ration and water
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11
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RPCL (extra)
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Extra blanket, Ration and water
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Life boat/ Abandon ship Station No.2 – Rescue boat
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1
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Mater
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Overall in command
|
2
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2nd officer
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In command, coxswain
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3
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2nd engineer
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Lifeboat engine
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4
|
ETO
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Remove both harbour pins, disconnect batteries charger/confirm bottom plug inserted
|
5
|
A/B2
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Connect FPD
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6
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A/B4
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Connect FPD
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7
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OS-2
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Secure painter on the bollard EPIRB/SART/ Portable VHF & Batteries/ Pyro-techniques
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8
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Fitter
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Rig embarkation ladder
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9
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Wiper
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Rig painter first then assist rigging embarkation ladder
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10
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MSM (mess-men)
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Assist in rigging painter, extra blankets, ration, water
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11
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RPCL
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Extra blankets, ration, water
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12
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SNRY (supernumerary)
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Assist as required
|
Rescue Boat
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1
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2nd officer
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In command, helmsman
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2
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2nd engineer
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In change engine
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3
|
A/B-3
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Assist rescuer
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4
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Oiler
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Assist rescuer
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SMPEP(ship board marine pollution emergency plan) Oil spill duties:-
Bridge party
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1
|
Master
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Over-all-in-charge
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2
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3rd officer
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Radio communication and long keeping
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3
|
A/B-2
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Helmsman/ if vessel is not moving assist backup party
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4
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S’NRY
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Assist as require
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Emergency squad
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1
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Chief officer
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In charge of deck operation
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2
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2nd engineer
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Ensure sufficient oil on deck, start Walden pump
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3
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A/B-1
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Fire fighter
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4
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A/B-3
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Line – up dumping valves to slop empty slack tanks as required.
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5
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A/B-4
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Collect sorbent material to contain spillage/ clean-up
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6
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O/S-1
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Close vent Clean-up
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7
|
Fitter
|
Blanking, Re-fitting raptured line repair
|
8
|
Oiler
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Fire fighter
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9
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RPCL
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Clean up (as required)
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First aid party
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1
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Chief cook
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Resuscitator, first aid, stretcher, clean up (as required)
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2
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MSM
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Stretcher, VHF, radios from deck officer clean up as required
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Backup Squad
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1
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2nd officer
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Mobilise off duty crew. Supervise ???
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2
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4th engineer
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Assist fire fighters, clean up, close vents.
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3
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A/B-2
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Helmsman/if vessel is not moving assist backing party.
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4
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O/S-2
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Check scupper plugs. Standby foam monitor
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5
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Wiper
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Check scupper plugs standby foam monitor
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6
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RPCL
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Clean up as required
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Engine room party
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1
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Chief engineer
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In charge during bunkering
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2
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3rd engineer
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Assist chief engineer, prepare for fire fighting line –up foam/ fire line. Start fire pump/ foam/CO2 system.
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3
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ETO
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Stop A/C isolate power as required
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Emergency muster list
Bridge muster list
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1
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Master
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Over all in charge
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2
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3rd officer
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Log keeping & radio communication
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3
|
A/B-2
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Helmsman/if vessel in not moving assist backing party in boundary cooling prepare life boat
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4
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SNRY
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Assist as required.
|
Emergency squad
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1
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Chief officer
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In charge deck
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2
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2nd engineer
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In charge (E/R)
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3
|
A/B-1
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Fire man emergency team (main)
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4
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A/B-3
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Backup fighter
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5
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A/B-4
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Assist fireman & Prepare fire hose
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6
|
OS-1
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Assist fireman & Spare BA bottle
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7
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Oiler
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Fire man emergency team (main)
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8
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Wiper
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Back up fire fighter
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9
|
RPCL
|
Prepare fire hoses
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First aid party
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1
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Chief cook
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First aid kid, stretcher, resuscitator
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2
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MSM
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Stretcher
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Backup squad
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1
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2nd officer
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In charge (boundary cooling, vents, hotspots, prepare lifeboat)
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2
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4th engineer
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Spare BA bottles & close vents.
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3
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A/B-2
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Helms man / if vessel is not moving assist backup party in boundary cooling.
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4
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O/S-2
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Prepare fire hose & boundary cooling. Closing water tight doors, fire doors
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5
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Fitter
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Prepare fire hose & boundary cooling, closing water tight doors, fire doors
|
6
|
RPCL
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Prepare fire hoses
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Engine room party
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1
|
Chief engineer
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In charge AC, E/R, CO2
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2
|
3rd engineer
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Assist chief engineer, line up foam system.
|
3
|
ETO
|
Electrical isolation close vents
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Emergency evacuation from enclosed spaces
Bridge party
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1
|
Master
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Over all in charge
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2
|
3rd officer
|
Log-keeping & radio communication
|
3
|
A/B-2
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Helmsman/ if vessel is not moving assist backup party
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4
|
S’NRY
|
Assist as required
|
Emergency squad
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1
|
Chief officer
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Team leader deck
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2
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2nd engineer
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Substitute team leader/ team leader when in E/R
|
3
|
A/B-1
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Rescuer emergency team (deck)/ Don SCBA; backup when in engine room.
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4
|
A/B-3
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Rig rescue winch
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5
|
A/B-4
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Rescuer emergency team (deck)/ Don SCBA; backup team when in engine room.
|
6
|
O/S-1
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Rig rescuer winch
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7
|
Oiler
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Rescuer emergency team (E/R) - Don SBCA; Backup team when in deck.
|
8
|
Wiper
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Rescuer emergency team (E/R) - Don SBCA; Backup team when in deck.
|
9
|
RPCL
|
Assist as instructed
|
First aid party
| ||
1
|
Chief cook
|
First aid kit, stretcher, resuscitator
|
2
|
MSM
|
Stretcher
|
Backup Squad
| ||
1
|
2nd officer
|
Team leader backup speed
|
2
|
A/B-2
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Helmsman/ if vessel is not moving assist backup party
|
3
|
OS-2
|
Assist first aid party
|
4
|
Fitter
|
Assist as instructed/ bring spare BA bottles
|
5
|
4th engineer
|
Spare BA bottles & Close vents
|
6
|
RPCL
|
Assist as instructed
|
Engine room party
| ||
1
|
Chief engineer
|
Team leader
|
2
|
3rd engineer
|
Assist chief as instructed/ Assist Emergency team in rigging rescue winch.
|
3
|
ETO
|
Assist emergency team in rigging rescue winch.
|
Active substances in BWM
A substance or organism, including a virus or a fungus that has a general or specific action on or against harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens.D2 – Ballast water performance standard
D2 stipulates the acceptable level of organisms that may be found within discharged ballast water. The D2 Standard specifies that treated and discharged ballast water must have:
(i) fewer than ten viable organisms greater than or equal to 50 micrometers (plankton) in minimum dimension per cubic metre;
(ii) fewer than ten viable organisms less than 50 micrometres (plankton) in minimum dimension and greater than or equal to 10 micrometers in minimum dimension per millilitre.
In addition, a ballast water discharge of indicator microbes, as a health standard, shall not exceed the following specified concentrations:
(iii) Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (O1 and O139) with less than one colony-forming unit (cfu) per 100 millilitres or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram (wet weight) zooplankton samples;
(iv) Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 millilitres;
(v) Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 millilitres;
Ballast water treatment equipment is developed, and type approved on the basis of the equipment’s ability to treat the ballast water to the required standard. Although not the only way to meet the D2 standard, the installation of an appropriately type approved ballast water treatment system will be the most common method used.
Four teams on board to tackle various emergency
Q. Name any four teams on board to tackle various emergency ? Their duties ? Who all in Command team?Ans: Structure and Function of Emergency Response Teams:-
The basic structure of any emergency team will usually comprise four sub-groups.
(i) The Command team:- The command centre will be located on bridge. The master is to take responsibility for the overall safety and navigation of the ship. All communications will be performed from here to the different teams as well as shore. A log must be maintained of all events.
(ii) The Emergency Team:- The Emergency Team will have the front line job of tackling the emergency. In general the chief officer will lead the team for the emergency on deck while the 2nd engineer will take charge for engine room emergencies. The duties of each person will have to be laid down and practiced for every emergency so as to avoid duplication, confusion, and chaos.
(iii) The Back Up Squad:- The Support Team is to provide first aid and prepare the lifeboats for lowering. Should the above two function not be required, they should assist as directed.
(iv) The Technical Team:- The Technical, or Engineer's, Team will maintain the propulsion and maneuvering capability of the ship and auxiliary services as far as is possible in the circumstances.
Ballast water in cargo tanks
Q. Can you carry ballast water in cargo tanks?Ans:- Marpol Annex 1- Regulation 18 - Segregated ballast tanks:
Paragraph 3:- In no case shall ballast water be carried in cargo tanks, except:
(1). on those rare voyages when weather conditions are so severe that, in the opinion of the master, it is necessary to carry additional ballast water in cargo tanks for the safety of the ship; and
(2). in exceptional cases where the particular character of the operation of an oil tanker renders it necessary to carry ballast water in excess of the quantity required under paragraph 2 of this regulation, provided that such operation of the oil tanker falls under the category of exceptional cases as established by the Organization.
Such additional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in compliance with regulation 34 of this Annex and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record Book Part II referred to in regulation 36 of this Annex.
Paragraph 4:- In the case of crude oil tankers, the additional ballast permitted in paragraph 3(Crude oil washing Operation) of this regulation shall be carried in cargo tanks only if such tanks have been crude oil washed in accordance with regulation 35 of this Annex before departure from an oil unloading port or terminal.
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