MET-OCT-2019

Q1. What is a soft starting of an Induction motor? Describe with a circuit using a thyristors used for soft starting. Discuss its advantages and dis-advantages.

Q2. With respect to the High Voltage power systems installation, explain the different types of circuit breaker that are used, comparing them on merits and de-merits. Describe the theory of arc phenomenon and the mechanism fitted to mitigate the arc.

Q3. Explain the matching of an induction electric motor to a pump required for main circulating duty, with the aid of pump characteristic and torque/ship diagrams.

Q4. With reference to U.M.S. operations:
A. State with reasons the essential requirements for unattended machinery spaces;
B. As second Engineer, describe how you would respond to the irretrievable failure of the Machinery space fire alarm system whilst the ship is on voyage.

Q5. With reference to transformer answer following:
(a) Explain the construction of a lighting transformer used onboard.
(b) What is all day efficiency of a transformer?
(c) How are iron losses in the transformer made very negligible?
(d) In a short-circuit test performed on a transformer iron losses are negligible, why?

Q6. A. Why is it important to maintain high efficiency of operation? And low values of voltages regulation for power transformers?

B. A 100 KVA transformer has 400 turns on the primary and 80 turns on the secondary. The primary and secondary resistances are 0.3 Ω and 0.01 Ω respectively, and the corresponding leakage reactance’s are 1.1 Ω and 0.035 Ω respectively. The supply voltage is 2200 V. Calculate:
(i) The equivalent impedance referred to the primary circuit;
(ii) The voltage regulation and secondary terminal voltage for full load having a power factor of (i) 0.8 lagging and (ii) 0.8 leading.

 

Q7. A. Explain what is meant by the terms wave form, frequency and average value.

B. A moving coil ammeter, a thermal ammeter and a rectifier are connected in series with a resistor across a 110 V sinusoidal a.c. supply. The circuit has a resistance of 50Ω to current in one direction and, due to the rectifier, an infinite resistance to current in the reverse direction. Calculate: (i) The readings on the ammeters; (ii) The form and peak factors of the current wave.

 

Q8. With reference to A.C Distribution system:
A. Define power factor and explain the effects of low power factor.

B. 72 KVA transformer supplies a heating and lighting load of 12 KW at unity power factor and a motor load of 70 kVA at 0.766 (lagging) power factor; Calculate the minimum rating of the power-factor improvement capacitors which must be connected in the circuit the ensure that the transformer does not become overloaded.

 

Q9. A. List the factors that determine the starting torque of the three-phase induction motor. How does this torque generally compare with the value of the rated torque?

B. The low-voltage release of an a.c. motor-starter consists of a solenoid into which an iron plunger is drawn against a spring. The resistance of the solenoid is 35 ohm. When connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz, a.c. supply the current taken is at first 2A, and when the plunger is drawn into the “full-in” position the current falls to 0.7 A. Calculate the inductance of the solenoid for both positions of the plunger, and the maximum value of flux-linkages in weber-turns for the “full-in” position of the plunger.

 

Q10. A. Compare the effectiveness of a current limiting circuit breaker with that of a HRC fuse.

B. A coil having a resistance of 10 Ohm, and an inductance of 0.15 H is connected in series with a capacitor across a 100V, 50Hz supply. If the current and the voltage are in phase what will be the value of the current in the circuit and the voltage drop across the coil?