Answer SSEP Question 36
Q36.
Which legislation is framed at preventing the emission of black smoke,
sets the limits on the length of time of such emission?
A. Discuss the
reasons for setting time limits rather than imposing a complete ban on
emission
B. State why different times are quoted, giving examples.
C.
State the likely constituents of black smoke from the combustion of
residual fuel in a boiler.
D. List the contaminants likely to be found
in the clear exhaust from a diesel driven alternate burning gas.
Answer:
Which legislation is framed at preventing the emission of black smoke,
sets the limits on the length of time of such emission?
ADEC (Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation) under Federal clean air act is indented to discourage the emission of black smoke from commercial ships and industrial premises.
18 AAC 50.070 Marine Vessel Visible emission Standards
- Within three miles of the coastline, visible emissions, excluding condensed water vapor, may not reduce visibility through the exhaust effluent of a marine vessel by more than 20 percent.
Exceptions are:
1. 3 minutes in any hour.
2. An additional three minutes during initial startup of a vessel; for purposes of this subparagraph, "initial startup" includes the period during which a vessel is testing equipment in preparation to casting off or weighing anchor;
3. After stand-by is achieved, 9 minutes in that hour.
4. 1 hour before finished with engines, ship is allowed to emit smoke for 9 minutes in that hour.
A. Discuss, the reasons for setting time limits rather than imposing a complete ban on emission
(3 minutes in any hour)
- It is impractical for ship to avoid complete black smoke as the engine or boiler may have to be started/ stopped. 3 minutes in given for such reasons.
Additional 3 minute for the hour before standby
- This is given to test the engine before stand-by as most of the vessel perform some maintenance work and this additional 3 minutes in given for testing the engine.
Additional 6 minutes after Stand-by given, Before Finished with engine
- Ship propulsion load and generator load is varied abruptly during docking and undocking, for handling such situations additional 6 minutes during those hours are given.
ADEC (Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation) under Federal clean air act is indented to discourage the emission of black smoke from commercial ships and industrial premises.
18 AAC 50.070 Marine Vessel Visible emission Standards
- Within three miles of the coastline, visible emissions, excluding condensed water vapor, may not reduce visibility through the exhaust effluent of a marine vessel by more than 20 percent.
Exceptions are:
1. 3 minutes in any hour.
2. An additional three minutes during initial startup of a vessel; for purposes of this subparagraph, "initial startup" includes the period during which a vessel is testing equipment in preparation to casting off or weighing anchor;
3. After stand-by is achieved, 9 minutes in that hour.
4. 1 hour before finished with engines, ship is allowed to emit smoke for 9 minutes in that hour.
A. Discuss, the reasons for setting time limits rather than imposing a complete ban on emission
(3 minutes in any hour)
- It is impractical for ship to avoid complete black smoke as the engine or boiler may have to be started/ stopped. 3 minutes in given for such reasons.
Additional 3 minute for the hour before standby
- This is given to test the engine before stand-by as most of the vessel perform some maintenance work and this additional 3 minutes in given for testing the engine.
Additional 6 minutes after Stand-by given, Before Finished with engine
- Ship propulsion load and generator load is varied abruptly during docking and undocking, for handling such situations additional 6 minutes during those hours are given.
B. State why different times are quoted, giving examples.
1. while at berth or at anchor, visibility may be reduced by up to 100 percent for periods aggregating no more than three minutes in any one hour - All hours while the ship is in port or at anchor within specified 3 miles of coast line.
2. Hour of initial start-up - The hour just before standby for testing of engines and equipment.
3. Hour before FEW - The hour just before finished with engine for docking purposes.
4. At any time not covered by (1) - (3) - All the time whilst the ship is within 3 miles of coastline of the port state.
C. State the likely constituents of black smoke from the combustion of residual fuel In a boiler.
1. Nitrogen oxides $\displaystyle \mathrm{NO_x}$
2. Sulphur dioxide $\displaystyle \mathrm{SO_2}$
3. Carbon monoxide $\displaystyle \mathrm{CO}$
4. Unburned hydrocarbon $\displaystyle \mathrm{HC}$
5. Particulate matter $\displaystyle \mathrm{PM}$
1. while at berth or at anchor, visibility may be reduced by up to 100 percent for periods aggregating no more than three minutes in any one hour - All hours while the ship is in port or at anchor within specified 3 miles of coast line.
2. Hour of initial start-up - The hour just before standby for testing of engines and equipment.
3. Hour before FEW - The hour just before finished with engine for docking purposes.
4. At any time not covered by (1) - (3) - All the time whilst the ship is within 3 miles of coastline of the port state.
C. State the likely constituents of black smoke from the combustion of residual fuel In a boiler.
1. Nitrogen oxides $\displaystyle \mathrm{NO_x}$
2. Sulphur dioxide $\displaystyle \mathrm{SO_2}$
3. Carbon monoxide $\displaystyle \mathrm{CO}$
4. Unburned hydrocarbon $\displaystyle \mathrm{HC}$
5. Particulate matter $\displaystyle \mathrm{PM}$
D. List the contaminants likely to be found in the clear exhaust from a diesel driven alternate burning gas.
- Dual fuel alternate burning methane the exhaust gas will contain $\displaystyle \mathrm{CO_2}$ , $\displaystyle \mathrm{CO}$ , $\displaystyle \mathrm{N_2}$ , and water vapour.
- Dual fuel alternate burning methane the exhaust gas will contain $\displaystyle \mathrm{CO_2}$ , $\displaystyle \mathrm{CO}$ , $\displaystyle \mathrm{N_2}$ , and water vapour.
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